Abb and hvdc the worlds first commercial high voltage direct current hvdc link, situated between the swedish mainland and the island gotland, was delivered by abb already in the 1950s. Transformer in sctesting at kema holland the only large hvdc transformer ever sc tested transport weight 230 ton transport dim l x h x w 9,4 x 4,8 x 3,65 in operation since 2010. As a galvanic barrier between ac and dc systems to prevent dc potential entering into the ac system. Hvdc at a glance in 1954 the worlds first high voltage direct current hvdc transmission link was delivered by abb. Hvdc transformer brochure digital asset management. Hvdc is used as an alternative to ac for transmitting electrical energy over long distances or between ac power systems of different frequencies. Partial discharge measurement should generally be the last dielectric test conducted on the transformer. Markus pettersson, september 22, 2016 plnabb power grids. Markus pettersson, september 22, 2016 plnabb power. Summary a highvoltage, direct current hvdc system also called a power superhighway or an electrical superhighway uses direct current for the bulk transmission of electrical power, in contrast with the more common alternating current ac systems. Design and testing of hvdc insultation systems understanding the basics of hvdc insulation behavior this twoday course introduces the concepts of hvdc insulation system design and testing, highlighting aspects such as the difference between ac and dc behavior, space charge and routes to failure. In the future the transformer will enable lowloss and extremely efficient highvoltage directcurrent hvdc power transmission over a record distance of 3,284 kilometers with. Stress analysis of hvdc circuit breakers for defining test requirements and its implementation n. Annex e hvdc converter transformers and reactors subcommittee april, 2015, 3.
Power transformer factory test using ieee standards. It is a vital part in safeguarding our high quality by material. Packaging for scalability into systemlevel hvdc dcdc transformer performance under actual fault conditions overall project. Eric davis will search for the background information to the figures given. Ann based internal fault diagnosis of hvdc converter transformer. Hvdc transmission and integration ac grid 1 rightofway comparison of 6,000mw hvdc and ac circuits joe mooney is a department manager at power engineers, inc.
The goal of partial discharge measurement is to certify that no harmful partial discharge sources exist. Transformer manufacturers perform two main types of transformer testing type test of transformer and routine test of transformer. Hvdc converter transformers power transformers abb. Design considerations of ultra high voltage dc system. It evolved from the simple gonogo verdict into a sophisticated segment within transformer manufacturing. Tester model hvdc 2540a 400 the product with latest technology 28 october, 2011. Hvdc and a single 69 kv line serving eastern up goal. The ac voltage is stepped up using a mediumfrequency transformer and then rectifier to obtain the desired hvdc output for transmitting the power. Finally, our german lead plant has two independent test fields able to test hvdc converter transformers at its prem ises, which adds to the production capacity.
Hvdctesting solutions hvdctester maeraj engineering. Hvdc power transmission an overview sciencedirect topics. Innovative facilities and rigorous quality processes. Hvdc disadvantages hvdc is generally less reliable and has lower availability than hvac. Hvdc test systems are used to generate highvoltage dc test voltages for routine, type, and development tests on components of hvdc transmission systems. As a key enabler in the future energy system based on renewables, hvdc is truly shaping the grid of the future. Supply of ac voltages into two separate circuits feeding the rectifier bridges with a phase shift of 30 electrical degrees for reduction of low order harmonics esp.
To determine the ability to withstand dc voltage, the valve windings of hvdc transformers are subject to the following tests. Testing, research and development in our own chemical and physical test laboratory at our lead plant we have our own testing and development laboratory accredited according to iso 17025. In 1995 abb announced a new concept for hvdc converter stations, hvdc with capacitor commutated converters ccc, which further improves the performance of hvdc transmissions. One important design criteria for wind turbines is the fulfillment of grid codes given by transmission system operators tso, they state how wind turbinesfarms must. Highvoltage directcurrent hvdc power transmission is the most powerful application for linecommutated converters that exist today. The hvdc control and protection system is divided to two redundant systems a and b, based on an active standby concept. An electrical power transformer has to go through a number of transformer testing procedures for confirming its specifications and performances. Stability assessment and mitigation converter interactions improving grid code for hvdc schemes. For longdistance transmission, hvdc systems may be less expensive and suffer lower electrical losses. The transformer testing performed before commissioning the transformer at the site is called the precommissioning test of the transformer.
Hvdc converters capable of converting up to two gigawatts gw and with voltage ratings of up to 1,100. Transformer book is still in demand is a tribute to the publishers and to the. Resilient multiterminal hvdc networks with highvoltage highfrequency electronics dr rob sellick. A high voltage, direct current hvdc system also called a power superhighway or an electrical superhighway uses direct current for the bulk transmission of electrical power, in contrast with the more common alternating current ac systems. Alstom gridspringsummer 2011 37 testing an 800 kv transformer in wuhan there are few laboratories around the world capable of testing bulky 800 kv dc equipment weighing over 160 tonnes, says david wright. Hvdctesting solutions hvdctester maeraj engineering company. An hvdc test system consists of an hvac transformer, doubling capacitors, rectifiers, smoothing capacitors, and a resistive voltage divider. The ecodesign directive of the european union and the related regulation 5482014 for transformer losses requires manufacturers to publish on the internet information on rated power, load loss, noload loss and weight and type of the major components of typical transformers, which are. Plnabb power grids workshop abb hvdc converter transformers markus pettersson, september 22, 2016.
Design options of hvdc transformers depending on voltage and transferred power rating, the hvdc converter transformer can be built as threephase units or as singlephase units. Spring 2012 icc educational tests on hvdc cables 28 march, 2012 seattle, usa cigre wg 21. Resilient multiterminal hvdc networks with highvoltage. Hvdc transformers used to ensure an appropriate tapping range for part of the dc voltage and for reactive power control. Abb has participated in the delivery of more than half of the worlds around 170 hvdc links. Stress analysis of hvdc circuit breakers for defining test. Hvdc testing tools from maeraj engineering company. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. And in 1997 a completely new converter and dc cable technology called hvdc light was introduced. Consequently, the ac voltages applied to each 6pulse valve group that makes up the 12pulse valve group have a phase difference of 30 degrees that is utilized to cancel the ac side, 5th and 7th harmonic currents, and dc side, 6th harmonic voltage, thus. A transformer that has one of its windings connected to one of these circuits, as a dedicated transformer, is a converter transformer. Jun 01, 2009 from testing results summary as in table 1 and figure 8 it can striated that 97% of efficiency can be obtained in identifying the type of fault in the hvdc transformer windings by using the training and testing patterns from the local maximum values of the neutral current trace when compared to that of the local average values. Mainly due to the extra conversion equipment and maintenance difficulty. Dc protections ac protections apparatus protective relays common features of the protection philosophy, the protective functions and the fault clearing actions are given.
Testing of power transformers seems like a similar experience. The reliability and efficiency of the transformer has a major impact on the total cost of transmission over a long period of time. Nearly all hvdc power converters with thyristor valves are assembled in a converter bridge of 12pulse configuration, as shown in fig. Maeraj engineering company is a leading group in the field of hvdctester. Hvdc circuit breakers are difficult some mechanism must be included in. Ann based internal fault diagnosis of hvdc converter.
Hvdc transformer bushing, type ggf installation and. Large hvdc transmission schemes having power transmission capacities of 40006000 mw and. The testing hall meets all of the requirements of isoiec 17025 and houses. In most cases, electrical transmission systems are dealing with very high voltage. Now we will check out more about dc transmission system. Also, tools for the system programming and supervision are. The ecodesign directive of the european union and the related regulation 5482014 for transformer losses requires manufacturers to publish on the internet information on rated power, load loss, noload loss and weight and type of the major components of typical transformers, which are compliant with the regulationon.
The main ageing and breakdown mechanisms will be highlighted, with special attention for interfaces such as in joints and terminations. They are used for withstand testing or polarity reversal testing according to iec 600601. The worlds first hvdc transformer passes the test for. A transformer that has one of its windings connected to one of these. Hvdc is an established technology that has been in. Maeraj engineering company is a leading group in the field of hvdc tester. Both of these circuits are also called converter circuits. Transformer inductance dc capacitor voltage sourced inverter voltage sourced inverter vl 0 i.
The technical brochure provides a practical guideline for the testing and commissioning of vsc hvdc schemes including a complete description of each of the three stages of commissioning factory tests, subsystems tests and system tests. Availability assessment of the hvdc converter transformer system. Engineering and manufacturing algorithms artificial intelligence artificial neural networks usage electric converters electric current converters electric fault location methods. Hvdc converters capable of converting up to two gigawatts gw. Advantages of hvdc over hvac transmission on photo. Dc separate source voltage withstand test iec 6782 sections 8. Oct 03, 2012 this hvdc backtoback station located between brazil and argentina involved considerable innovation in manufacturing and construction techniques for both transmission lines and converter station. Experience and ingenuity are what made this development possible. The worlds first hvdc transformer passes the test for 1,100. Power transformer testing 2 power transformer factory test objective of tests classification of tests list of tests connections for test details of tests sequence of tests future trends topics covered tests for special transformers, such as hvdc converter or phase shifting transformers are not covered. Power transformer testing procedures and schemes eep.
Hvdc classic converter transformers up to 12 gw gigawatt and 80 kv 1,100 kv direct current dc and 1,200 kv alternating current ac hvdc light converter transformers up to 1,500 mw and. Some transformer tests are also carried out at the consumer site before commissioning and also periodically in regular and emergency basis throughout its service life. A power transformer is a technology investment that needs to be secured for decades. The equipment has been installed in a test circuit for long term energisation at 855 kv.
In this book we have laid down important aspects on transformer. Power transformer testing procedures and schemes photo credit. The phase ii power line is operated by national grid and stretches from monroe new hampshire to the massachusetts border. For testing, not only the availability of generators for producing the test voltage, but also a setup free of partial discharges, poses a major demand. Key words 800 kv hvdc, uhvdc, uhvdc converter stations, uhvdc. An hvdc test system consists of an hvac transformer, dou bling capacitors. The field testing section was copied from the present ieee standard. With successful testing of the worlds first hvdc transformer for a transmission voltage of 1,100 kilovolts, we have set a new benchmark in directcurrent transmission, states beatrix natter, ceo of power transformers at siemens energy management.
An hvdc test system consists of an hvac transformer, dou. Hvdc circuit breakers are difficult some mechanism must be included in the circuit breaker to force current to zero. Black start from vsc hvdc and its impact on ac protection. In this article, you will learn different types of transformer testing methods, test setup, and their acceptance criteria. Testing and commissioning of vsc hvdc systems ecigre. A new technology was born and the inventor, uno lamm, became known as the father of hvdc. The high cost of transformer, switchgears, and protection is required. Normally attenuated by transformer or distance nothing but plc at transmission. Hvdc systems for energy transmission over long distances. Hvdc converter transformers, traction transformers and. This document gives an overview of the hvdc protection. An hvdc converter converts electric power from high voltage alternating current ac to high voltage direct current hvdc, or vice versa. Verification of equipment for 800 kv hvdc abb group. The hvdc test systems allow polarity reversal testing accord.
Abb has participated in the delivery of more than half of the. Annex e hvdc converter transformers and reactors subcommittee. Nijman kema laboratories, dnv gl the netherlands summary testing of hvdc circuit breakers cbs is fundamentally different from that of ac cbs as. Power transformers hvdc transformers building trust through a. Sheet samples for electrical testing melt press, crosslink epr. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Routine tests and type tests of transformers electrical4u.
There are power converters with ratings in excess of mw. Advantages and disadvantages of highvoltage direct. Main feature chapter iii making energy available to all. Anders lindroth will ask dejan susa to include this in the iec loading guide. This hvdc backtoback station located between brazil and argentina involved considerable innovation in manufacturing and construction techniques for both transmission lines and converter station. Transformer in sc testing at kema holland the only large hvdc transformer ever sc tested transport weight 230 ton transport dim l x h x w 9,4 x 4,8 x 3,65 in operation since 2010 sapei500kv hvdc link design. With a broad range of instrument transformer solutions and infield experience. The transformer is now on its way to its chinese destination. May 10, 20 transformer manufacturers perform two main types of transformer testing type test of transformer and routine test of transformer. In addition to the above transformer testing methods, the power transformer also goes through some other tests, performed on it, before the actual commissioning of the transformer at the site. Some transformer tests are also carried out at the consumer site before commissioning and also periodically in regular. In the future the transformer will enable lowloss and extremely efficient high voltage directcurrent hvdc power transmission over a record distance of 3,284 kilometers with a transmission capacity of twelve gigawatts.
For hvdc transformers pd measurements are also carried out on dielectric tests with dc. Grid code testing by voltage source converter abstract safe and reliable operation of the wind turbines is important for an efficient operation of the power system. This document gives an overview of the hvdc protection system. For longdistance transmission, hvdc systems may be less expensive and have lower electrical losses. Transformer testing has developed considerably over the past years. Testing and commissioning of vsc hvdc systems abstract voltage source converter vsc technology has emerged as a commercially viable alternative to line commutated converter lcc technology for certain applications of hvdc power transmission.
Hvdc highvoltage direct current is a highly efficient alternative for transmitting large amounts of electricity over long distances and for special purpose applications. Plains and eastern hvdc clean line energy partners report r8. Developing opensource converter models stability assessment for colocated converters design of dcdc converter. System and no rassps compressed schedule operational summer 2014 design, construction, testing and operation mackinac hvdc. Pdf 800 kv ultra hvdc transformer a new dimension of dc. An hvdc converter converts electric power from high voltage alternating current ac to highvoltage direct current hvdc, or vice versa. Factory and onsite testing of converter transformers according to iec 6782 testing on dc bushings according to iec 62199 research, development, and education system and components the hvdc test system is supplied with power via a switching cubicle 1. Availability assessment of the hvdc converter transformer system conference paper pdf available june 2008 with 1,412 reads how we measure reads. Transformers highvoltage power transmission siemens india. Hvdc high voltage direct current is a highly efficient alternative for transmitting large amounts of electricity over long distances and for special purpose applications. Transformer secondary voltage kv 220 220 220 220 220. Abb successfully developed and tested 1,100 kv converter transformer technology breaking the record for the highest dc voltage levels ever. Power transformers hvdc transformers building trust. So these are several advantages and disadvantages of high voltage transmission.
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